农村土地产权非私有化改革

文章从产权的不同属性来论证中国“新土改”的农村土地产权公有(共有)性不变。通过对“新土改”政策下农村土地产权治理与制定农村土地产权制度一般原则探索,论证“新土改”政策是科学发展观一部分,是新时期具体的马克思主义中国化。     

法理与政治双视角下土地使用权届满后的策略选择

温州房屋20年土地使用权到期事件引发了社会各界对土地使用权到期后该怎么续期、怎么缴费等问题的思考。该研究在对该事件以及相关知识了解的基础上,通过对土地使用权相关的法理梳理,分析了当前我国土地使用权的法理制度层面的问题;通过对土地使用权内在的政治逻辑分析,得出在土地使用权续期问题的处理中应该要在国家"少取多予"的政治理念的指导下,充分考虑代际公平和人与人之间公平公正。最后,在法理梳理和政治逻辑分析的基础上提出完善土地使用权续期的建议。     

A nonlinear,low data requirement model for producing spatially explicit fishery forecasts

Spatial variability can confound accurate estimates of catch per unit effort (CPUE), especially in highly migratory species. The incorporation of spatial structure into fishery stock assessment models should ultimately improve forecasts of stock biomass. Here, we describe a nonlinear time series model for producing spatially explicit forecasts of CPUE that does not require ancillary environmental or demographic data, or specification of a model functional form. We demonstrate this method using spatially resolved (1° × 1° cells) CPUE time series of North Pacific albacore in the California Current System. The spatial model is highly significant (P < 0.00001) and outperforms two spatial null models. We then create a spatial forecast map for years beyond the range of data. Such approaches can guide spatial management of resources and provide a complement to more data‐intensive, highly parameterized population dynamics and ecosystem models currently in use.     

Environmental influences on Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) catch per unit effort in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence

The Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) population in the western Atlantic supports substantial commercial and recreational fisheries. Despite quota establishment and management under the auspices of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, only small increases in population growth have been estimated. In contrast to other western bluefin tuna fisheries indices, contemporary estimates of catch per unit effort (CPUE) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence have increased rapidly and are at record highs. This area is characterized by the Cold Intermediate Layer (CIL) that is defined by waters <3°C and located at depths of 30–40 m in September. We investigated the influence of several in situ environmental variables on the bluefin tuna fishery CPUE using delta‐lognormal modelling and relatively extensive and consistent oceanographic survey data, as well as dockside monitoring and mandatory logbook data associated with the fishery. Although there is considerable spatial and temporal variation of water mass characteristics, the amount of available habitat in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (assuming a > 3°C thermal ambit) for bluefin tuna has been increasing. The percentage of the water column occupied by the CIL was a significant environmental variable in the standardization of CPUE estimates. There was also a negative relationship between the spatial extents of the CIL and the fishery. Properties of the CIL account for variation in the bluefin tuna CPUE and may be a factor in determining the amount of available feeding habitat for bluefin tuna in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence.     

应用分层抽样技术估计北部湾底拖网渔业产量

传统的按行政单元逐级上报的渔业产量调查方法在数据获取过程中受人为因素的干扰,而全面普查的方法受限于时间和经费,相比而言,抽样调查是一种科学合理的方法。本研究于2007年8月对北部湾底拖网产量进行了调查,以全体底拖网渔船为抽样总体,按功率段划分了抽样层次,按比例分配了抽样单元数,分别以生产渔船总数和总功率数推算总产量,并比较了这两种方法的方差。结果表明,用每kW平均产量估计总产量的变异系数为1.13%,用单船平均产量估计总产量的变异系数为14.65%。同时由于渔业抽样调查的难点在于总体船数的掌握,建议统计推断时,采用单位渔捞努力量渔获量（CPUE）推算总体渔获量。     

浅谈新形势下农家书屋的建设和发展

农家书屋是党和政府保障农民基本文化权益、推动新农村建设的一项基础工程。这里简要总结了近年来农家书屋发展的基本情况,指出了当前农家书屋建设中存在的一些突出问题,提出了推动农家书屋发展的途径和措施。     

农地产权制度的多样性研究

研究农地产权制度多样性的理论和历史,正确认识农地产权制度改革中的新情况和新问题具有重要意义。模型和历史分析表明,农地产权制度的多样性是农民生产组织自觉追求制度利润的结果。农地产权制度的多样性有利于农地产权的制度竞争,有利于农村生产力水平的提高。农地产权制度的政策选择要与当地的农村经济发展水平相适应。政府在产权制度改革进程中不但要发挥其增加制度收益的积极作用,如促进农村集体经济组织建设,建立城乡人力资源互动机制,适当提高农产品收购价格等,而且要约束其增加制度成本的行为。     

Dietary incorporation of feedstuffs naturally high in organic selenium for racing pigeons (Columba livia): effects on plasma antioxidant markers after a standardised simulation of a flying effort

Selenium is a trace element of importance for animal health. It is essential for adequate functioning of many enzymes such as, the antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase, which protects the cell against free radicals. A muscular effort induces a rise in reactive oxygen species production which, in turn, can generate an oxidative stress. Two groups of eight racing pigeons were fed respectively with a diet containing 30.3 (control group) and 195.3 (selenium group) μg selenium/kg diet. The pigeons were submitted to a standardised simulation of a flying effort during 2 h. Blood was taken before and after the effort to measure antioxidant markers and blood parameters related to muscle metabolism. Plasma selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly higher in the selenium group. There were no significant differences for the other measured parameters. As a consequence of the effort, the pigeons of the selenium group showed a higher increase of glutathione peroxidase activity and a smaller increase of plasma lactate concentration. Variations because of the effort in the other markers were not significantly different between the two groups. It is concluded that the selenium status was improved with the feeding of feedstuffs high in Selenium.     

Local knowledge and management of simpukng (forest gardens) among the Dayak people in East Kalimantan,Indonesia

Among the Dayak people in East Kalimantan, simpukng (“forest gardens”) are an important component of their traditional farming systems. Simpukng is managed secondary forests in which selected species of fruits, rattan, bamboo, timber and other plants are planted. While most are owned by families and passed down from one generation to the next, some are managed on a communal basis. Complex customary Dayak rules exist that control the use and inheritance of these forests that help to avoid over-exploitation of resources. There is clear gender division of labour among Dayak in the management of simpukng that provide a range of products – for household consumption and sale and for customary rituals – fruits, vegetables, medicines, fire wood, honey, rattan, bamboos, and timber. Local knowledge about the more highly valued species are discussed. These indigenous forest garden systems are currently under threat from large-scale mining and logging activities; conflicts between local and external agencies are unfortunately frequent. This paper examines the development and management of simpukng in four Dayak villages in East Kalimantan and their implications on sustainable management of natural resources, with particular emphasis on the role of local knowledge of some of the more highly valued species and the current challenges faced by these communities in maintaining their traditional agroforest management practices.     

我国农村留守儿童犯罪问题探析

严重的留守儿童犯罪问题已经引起社会各界广泛关注,本文对农村留守儿童易发多发的犯罪现象进行解读,综合分析农村留守儿童犯罪的特点、成因,并探求建立社会、学校、家庭三位一体的农村留守儿童问题治理体系,从根本上预防和减少留守儿童犯罪,切实维护这类特殊群体的生存权、教育权、发展权。